Scale Sunfish Sailboat

Women and Work, a document

WORK WOMEN IN ITALY

Published the report of the National Council for Economy and Labour (CNEL) on women's work in Italy. The recently released report by the CNEL shooting a worrying situation for the employment of women in our country. The strongest contradiction lies in the fact that Italy has a law molto avanzata a favore delle donne ma molti dei diritti e degli impegni rimangono sulla carta, visto che i dati sull’occupazione femminile in Italia sono tra i peggiori in Europa.

Il 2009, con il contraccolpo dalla crisi economica, ha visto interrompersi il trend di crescita dell’occupazione femminile (15-64 anni) che aveva contraddistinto i precedenti anni, assestandosi il tasso di occupazione al 46,7%, valore molto lontano dal 58,6% dell’UE e dall’obiettivo comunitario di raggiungere il 605 di occupazione femminile per il 2010 (strategia di Lisbona 2000).

I problemi più grossi riguardano la forza lavoro femminile South and women with little education, but there are also problems related to the quality of women's work and issues of reconciling work and private life, with loads of work too familiar on the shoulders of women.
The most disadvantaged in this time of crisis were the young women and women with temporary jobs, remember that young people between 15-29 years are most affected by the crisis.
The South has dealt with the crisis worse than in the North, so going to exacerbate an already difficult situation from the point of view of employment (-105 thousand fewer women employed in the South in 2009). In 2009 he lowered the employment rate of women with higher educational qualifications not only the graduates reach the level found in the rest of Europe.
worsens the situation of women in couples with children. For a woman aged between 25 and 54 years, with one child, four-point decreases the chances of finding a job than a woman the same age but without children.
The framework is not rosy comes to considering the worsening scarcity of social support for families, workloads, family still almost exclusively female, the "glass ceiling" and paid less than men, with consequent reflections on the state pension also.
The scarcity of social services in support of early childhood would be among the first causes of women choosing not to work or not to return to work after the birth of their first child. The probability of not working 18-21 months after the birth of a son and almost 50%. Women with higher educational qualifications return to work after childbirth and can manage better than others the problems of reconciliation of working and living.
Another obstacle to women's work is the time devoted to the care of family and home, which is still borne by women, 77% of that time is attributable to women. The fathers in recent years have become more collaborative in particular as regards the scope of child care that you devote more than in the past, unfortunately the same can not be said for domestic work where change is slow and shows the division of roles still very stiff.
For employed women work for women is even typed a lot, which is very tied to specific professions, while for women it shows the income lower than men's. Questo fattore nel nostro paese, a differenza di paesi come la Gran Bretagna, è dovuta alla assenza delle donne in posizioni apicali sia all’interno della Pubblica Amministrazione che nel settore privato.
Il reddito inferiore dovuto a carriere femminili medio basse si riflette poi anche a livello pensionistico, con livelli di contribuzione minore anche la pensione si presenta meno corposa economicamente, e che mette le pensionate a rischio di povertà in misura maggiore rispetto alla componente maschile.
Il nostro paese sembra riluttante nel ritenere che l’occupazione femminile abbia ricadute comunque positive sulla società e sull’economia, still warm because they show women's employment strategy for the future, despite the valuable document "Italy 2020 program of actions for the inclusion of women in the labor market", jointly presented by the Ministry of Labour and Social Policies and the Equal opportunities.
This is a multi-year plan identifying measures to increase women's employment. CNEL believes that the plan, although lacking in clear and measurable objectives and resources for its implementation, may represent an opportunity not to be underestimated.
To escape this situation, the CNEL suggests di adottare una strategia per l’occupazione femminile in grado di garantire sia la parità formale che quella sostanziale.
Questa strategia dovrebbe comprendere misure di varia natura che investono un’ampia gamma di ambiti. Sono infatti necessarie sia le politiche fiscali a favore della famiglia che gli incentivi per l’assunzione delle donne o per le donne imprenditrici, ma anche misure per la conciliazione.
Interventi quest’ultimi che dovrebbero prevedere orari flessibili e/o ridotti, come il part-time e l’offerta di servizi di cura sia per l’infanzia che per altre fasce deboli (anziani e disabili) o l’offerta di additional income to purchase market care facilities.
But even this may not be enough unless we act also in the same direction to change habits in our country, which may lead, as already mentioned, to see women working almost exclusively in the forefront in the care of the family and the house.
Other interventions should also address the issue of parenthood and low income during the optional leave (on half-pay) that does not encourage women, nor men to stay home to care for infants in an important moment development of their life, from birth to the first year of life.
It's not always possible to put women in front of the eternal choice between satisfying work and responsibility and motherhood, which is not a cost to business, as is often erroneously stated, but, as evidenced by the report of the CNEL, a total load of general taxation.
Other measures should also take action on all forms of horizontal and vertical segregation of female employment, women are mostly included in traditionally female jobs, they perform low or medium low and are generally atypical in greater extent than men.
All these measures should be contained in the strategy, the result, according to the CNEL, a bipartite table between the government and social partners, apart from auditing with no female gender representations of social forces.
No more extended Finally, according to the CNEL, is the approval of a law on gender statistics el'obbligatorietà, at least two years, gender budgeting in the public service.

September 2010

Source: http://www.viaroma100.net



ENGLISH TRANSLATION

. The report recently published by the CNEL photographs a worrisome situation for the female occupation in our country. The strongest contradiction consists in the fact that Italy has a very advanced legislation for the women but many rights and some appointments remain on the paper, considering that the data on the female occupation in Italy are among the worse ones in Europe.
The year 2009, with the counterblow from the economic crisis, has seen the stop of the female growth trend occupation(15-64 years) that had countersigned the precedents years, delivering the rate of occupation at 46,7%, a value far away from the 58,6% of the UE and from the community objective to reach the 605 of female occupation for 2010 (Lisbon strategy 2000).
The biggest problems concern the female work force of the South and the women with little education, but problems related to the quality of the female job and matters of conciliation among private and working life still remain, with loads of family job still too much on the shoulders of the only women.
In this period of crisis the most disadvantaged people are the young women with temporary jobs. Let’s remember that the young people among the 15-29 years are the most stricken category from the crisis.
The South has faced in a very worse way the crisis in comparison to the North, emphasing an already difficult situation also from the occupational point of view (105 thousand employed women in less to the South in the 2009). During 2009 the female occupation rate with no high education has subsequently lowered, only the graduates reach the present levels in the rest of Europe.
It also worsens the situation of married women with children. For a woman between 25 and 54 years, with a child, the possibility to find a job decreases of four points in comparison to a woman with the same age but without children.
The situation is still worse if we consider the shortage of support social services to families, the loads of family job , exclusively on women shoulders, (the "crystal roof ") and the inferior salaries in comparison to the men’s ones, with consequent effects also on pension contributions. .
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The shortage of the social services for the first infancy would be among the first causes that determine in the women the choice not to work or not to return to work after the birth of the first child. The probability not to work 18-21 months after the birth of a child is of nearly of 50%. The women with higher educational qualifications re-enter to the job after the birth of the first son and they can manage, better than the others, the problems tied up to the conciliation of the times of life and job.
Another obstacle for the women work it is the time devoted to the care of the family and the house, which is still at expenses of women, in fact the 77% of this time is to be paid by women. In the last years the fathers have become more cooperatives especially for what it concerns the care of children, to which they devote much more time than in the past, unfortunately the same cannot be said for the domestic works where the changes appear slow and the division of the roles still very rigid.

As regards the employed women the female work is still very typified, or tied to specific professions, while for what it concerns the women income this appears lower than the men’s one. . This factor in our country unlike countries as Great Britain, is due to the absence of women in top positions both inside the Public Administration and the private sector.

The inferior income, due to female careers rather low, has repercussions on minor pension contributions, and consequently the women’s pension is quite poor and it puts the retired to risk of poverty more than the men.

Our country seems reluctant in believing that the female occupation can have a positive impact on society and economy. The female occupational strategy for the future appear quite weak, despite the appreciable document "Italy 2020 Program of actions for the inclusion of the women in the labour market " presented by the Minister of Labour and Social Politics and by the Minister of Equal Opportunities.

It is a long term plan which identifies measures to increase the female occupation. The CNEL believes that even if the plan, lacks of clear and measurable objectives and resources for its realization, can also represent an opportunity not to undervalue.

To overcome this situation, the CNEL suggests to adopt a strategy for the female occupation able to guarantee formal and substantial equality.

This strategy should include different measures that invest a wide range of circles or ambits. Both fiscal politics for the family and incentives for the female employment or for women entrepreneurs are necessary, but also measures for the conciliation.

These last interventions should foresee flexible or reduced schedules such as the part-time and the offer of care services both for childhood and for other weak (elderly and disabled) sectors or the offer of an additional income to purchase, on the market, services for the social or health care.


But still this couldn’t be enough if at the same time we don’t also act in the direction to modify habits already consolidated in our country, which bring, as already said, to almost exclusively see the women employed in the care of the family and the house.

Other interventions should face then the matter of the maternity / paternity and the low income perceived during the optional ( half-pay) abstention that doesn't stimulate the women, neither the men, to stay at home to look after the newborns in an important moment of development of their life, from the birth to the first year of life.


It is not then more possible to put always the women in front of the eternal choice between a satisfactory job and the maternity, that it is not a cost for the enterprises, as often declared, but, as it underlines the CNEL report, it is on total load of the general tax regulations.

Then other measures should intervene on all the forms of horizontal and vertical segregation of the female work. Women are traditionally put in female jobs, they cover low or middle roles and they generally have atypical contracts much more than men.

All these measures should be contained in the strategy, according to the CNEL, of a bipartite table between government and social parts, without putting aside the social female representations .


Finally not delayable, according to the CNEL, the approval of a law on gender statistics and on compulsory, at least biennial, gender budgeting in the public administration.




September 2010 Source: www.viaroma100.net